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Male infertility.
Michael L Eisenberg1,2, Sandro C Esteves3,4, Dolores J Lamb5,6,7
1Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. eisenberg@stanford.edu.
Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|September 14, 2023
Summary
Male infertility, a significant cause of clinical infertility, stems from various factors including testicular dysfunction and lifestyle choices. Evaluation involves history, physical exams, and semen analysis, with treatments ranging from lifestyle changes to surgery.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine and Urology
- Andrology and Male Reproductive Health
Background:
- Clinical infertility affects couples unable to conceive after 12 months.
- Male factors contribute significantly, estimated at 30-50% of infertility cases.
- Causes include testicular dysfunction, endocrinopathies, lifestyle, anatomical factors, exposures, and aging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the comprehensive evaluation of male infertility.
- To discuss current treatment strategies for male infertility.
- To highlight the recognized disease status and quality of life impact of male infertility.
Main Methods:
- Detailed patient history taking.
- Focused physical examination.
- Selective laboratory testing, including semen analysis.
Main Results:
- Treatments encompass lifestyle optimization, medical therapies, and surgical interventions.
- These interventions aim for measurable improvements in fertility.
- Male infertility is a recognized disease impacting couple's quality of life.
Conclusions:
- Male infertility is a multifactorial condition requiring thorough evaluation.
- A range of treatments can lead to improved fertility outcomes.
- Further research is needed to quantify the specific impact of male infertility on quality of life.
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