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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Warming up cool cooperators.

Eamonn Ferguson1,2, Claire Lawrence3, Sarah Bowen4

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. eamonn.ferguson@nottingham.ac.uk.

Nature Human Behaviour
|September 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding sustained cooperation is key. This study reveals that while the "warm glow" of helping fades, targeted messages can rekindle it, especially for "cool cooperators" who benefit from identity-focused appeals.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Psychology
  • Prosocial Behavior

Background:

  • Explaining sustained, high-cost cooperation with non-reciprocating strangers is challenging.
  • The 'warm glow' effect is a proposed mechanism for maintaining cooperation.
  • This study investigates whether the warm glow diminishes over time and if it can be reactivated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of warm glow in sustaining long-term cooperation in voluntary blood donation.
  • To test if warm glow diminishes over time and can be restored through interventions.
  • To identify different types of cooperators and tailor interventions accordingly.

Main Methods:

  • A field experiment (n=5,821) compared warm-glow and impure-altruism messages.
  • An implementation study analyzed Australian blood donor data (pre: N=270,353; post: N=170,317).
  • Four additional studies (n=716 to 1,592) explored underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct groups of cooperators were identified: 'warm' and 'cool'.
  • Cooperation among 'cool cooperators' increased with a 'warm-glow-plus-identity' message.
  • Booking future appointments, a facilitator of cooperation, was linked to 'warm cooperators'.

Conclusions:

  • The warm glow effect, while potentially diminishing, can be revitalized with specific messaging.
  • Interventions should consider distinct cooperator types ('warm' vs. 'cool') for maximum impact.
  • Understanding these dynamics has implications for promoting sustained prosocial behavior and societal cooperation.