Enhancing fiber-coupling efficiency of beam-to-fiber links in turbulence by spatial non-uniform coherence engineering

We present a general formula for the fiber-coupling efficiency of various types of non-uniformly correlated beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. With it, we calculate the fiber-coupling efficiency of a specific type of non-uniformly correlated beams, Laguerre non-uniformly correlated (LNUC) beams, to investigate how the non-uniform correlation structure plays a role in enhancing the fiber-coupling efficiency. Compared with conventional Gaussian Schell-model beams, the LNUC beams possess better coupling behavior, and the initial coherence length and beam order of such beams can be adjusted to further improve the fiber-coupling efficiency in turbulence. Our results demonstrate how non-uniformly correlated beams can be used for fiber-coupling applications, and demonstrate their intriguing potential for free-space optical communications.