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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
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Fabrication and characterization of a two-dimensional individually addressable electrowetting microlens array.

Samuel D Gilinsky, Mo Zohrabi, Wei Yang Lim

    Optics Express
    |September 15, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed tunable electrowetting microlens arrays with a wide focal range and fast response. These advanced optical devices offer high surface quality for applications in compact imaging and beam steering.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Microfabrication and MEMS

    Background:

    • Electrowetting microlenses offer tunable focal lengths.
    • Standard microfabrication is key for creating advanced optical components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a tunable electrowetting microlens array.
    • To characterize focal tunability, response time, and surface quality.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication using standard microfabrication techniques.
    • Experimental verification of focal tunability from 0 to 75 V.
    • Wavefront measurement to assess surface quality.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a large focal tunability range from -1.7 mm to -∞.
    • Demonstrated actuation within 1.5 ms to 99% of steady-state value.

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  • Confirmed surface quality comparable to static microlens arrays.

    • Conclusions:

    • The tunable electrowetting microlens array exhibits significant focal tunability and fast response.
    • Excellent surface quality makes it suitable for phase-sensitive optical systems.
    • Potential applications include compact imaging, wavefront shaping, and beam steering.