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Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Dual-band complementary metamaterial perfect absorber for multispectral molecular sensing.

Lijian Zhang, Weikang Lu, Liping Zhu

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    |September 15, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) for enhanced sensing. This MPA offers high sensitivity for refractive index and molecular vibration detection, paving the way for advanced sensor technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
    • Metamaterial Perfect Absorbers (MPAs)
    • Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Metamaterial perfect absorbers (MPAs) are crucial for advanced sensing applications.
    • Enhanced absorption requires localized hotspots accessible to analytes.
    • Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy benefits from strong mode confinement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a quasi-three-dimensional MPA for sensitive refractive index and molecular vibrational sensing.
    • To design an MPA with exposed and confined hotspots for enhanced absorption.
    • To enable dual-band perfect absorption for simultaneous detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a quasi-three-dimensional MPA using cross-shaped coupled complementary plasmonic arrays.
    • Analysis of plasmonic resonances: electric dipole-like and magnetic dipole-like modes.
    • Investigation of the MPA's response to ultrathin polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films.
    • Simultaneous detection of molecular vibrations (C=O and C-H) by adjusting cross branch lengths.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved dual-band perfect absorption through coupled plasmonic resonances.
    • Demonstrated high sensitivity to refractive index changes (11.8 nm/nm shift for PMMA).
    • Enabled simultaneous detection of C=O and C-H vibrations.
    • Observed mode splitting and anti-crossing, indicating strong plasmon-molecule interaction.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed dual-band MPA offers exceptional sensitivity for refractive index sensing.
    • The MPA facilitates multispectral molecular vibrational sensing with high accuracy.
    • This work opens new possibilities for developing highly sensitive plasmonic sensors.