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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing
    • Deep Space Exploration

    Background:

    • High-capacity, high-sensitivity deep space optical communication requires precise synchronization of pulse-position modulation (PPM) signals.
    • Existing synchronization algorithms face challenges with single-photon detector blockage and high photon flux.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To generalize maximum likelihood synchronization for PPM signals under detector blockage.
    • To propose and validate a slot frequency offset compensation method for improved synchronization accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Generalization of the maximum likelihood synchronization algorithm using inter-symbol guard times.
    • Development of a slot frequency offset compensation technique.
    • Performance evaluation through simulations and experimental verification.

    Main Results:

    • The deadtime-corrected synchronization scheme effectively mitigates performance degradation caused by detector deadtime and high photon flux.
    • Achieved synchronization estimation accuracy close to the Cramér-Rao Bound (0.02749 slots @ root-mean-square error).
    • Experimental results demonstrated error rates comparable to ideal synchronization.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed deadtime-corrected synchronization algorithm significantly enhances the reliability of deep space optical communication systems.
    • The method enables higher PPM slot frequencies and improved signal-to-noise ratios under challenging conditions.
    • This advancement is crucial for realizing robust and high-performance deep space optical links.