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Circadian rhythms in colonic function.

Timothy J Hibberd1, Stewart Ramsay1, Phaedra Spencer-Merris1

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Peripheral clocks in the gut regulate colonic functions like motility and absorption. Disruptions to these circadian rhythms are linked to gastrointestinal disorders, with melatonin showing therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmscoloncolonic absorptioncolonic manometrycolonic motilityenteric nervous systempain signalingtime of day

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Peripheral clocks, rhythmic gene expression in tissues, are influenced by the central circadian clock.
  • The gastrointestinal tract possesses peripheral clocks in its epithelia and myenteric plexus, regulating gut functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the circadian variations in major colonic functions.
  • To explore the entraining mechanisms of these rhythms.
  • To discuss the role of circadian disruption in gastrointestinal diseases and melatonin's therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on circadian rhythms in the colon.
  • Analysis of physiological functions including motility, absorption, and hormone secretion.
  • Examination of pathophysiological states and melatonin's role.

Main Results:

  • Circadian variations significantly impact colonic motility, absorption, hormone secretion, permeability, and pain signaling.
  • Disruptions in circadian rhythmicity are implicated in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis.
  • The gut expresses significant amounts of melatonin, suggesting therapeutic relevance.

Conclusions:

  • Gut circadian rhythms are crucial for normal colonic function.
  • Circadian disruption exacerbates gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Melatonin may offer therapeutic benefits for colonic diseases linked to circadian disruption.