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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities
Published on: February 20, 2021
Visualized X-ray Dosimetry for Multienvironment Applications
Lan Lu1, Songcheng Peng1, Lei Zhao2
1Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
X-ray dose detection plays a critical role in various scientific fields, including chemistry, materials, and medicine. However, the current materials used for this purpose face challenges in both immediate and delayed radiation detections. Here, we present a visual X-ray dosimetry method for multienvironment applications, utilizing NaLuF4 nanocrystals (NCs) that undergo a color change from green to red upon X-ray irradiation. By adjustment of the concentrations of Ho3+, the emission color of the NCs can be tuned thanks to the cross-relaxation effects. Furthermore, X-ray irradiation induces generation of trapping centers in NaLuF4:Ho3+ NCs, endowing the generation of mechanoluminescence (ML) behavior upon mechanical stimulation after X-ray irradiation ceases. The ML intensity shows a linear correlation with the X-ray dose, facilitating the detection of delayed radiation. This breakthrough facilitates X-ray dose inspection in flaw detection, nuclear medicine, customs, and civil protection, thereby enhancing opportunities for radiation monitoring and control.
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