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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

An Intra-Tissue Radiometry Microprobe for Measuring Radiance In Situ in Living Tissue

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Living Material with Temperature-Dependent Light Absorption.

Lealia L Xiong¹, Michael A Garrett², Julia A Kornfield²

¹Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|September 15, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered living materials using Escherichia coli can now adapt to temperature changes. A new genetic circuit allows bacteria to adjust pigmentation for optimal growth and protein production in varying climates.

Keywords:

engineered living materials synthetic biology thermal control

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Area of Science:

Synthetic biology
Biomaterials engineering
Microbial engineering

Background:

Engineered living materials (ELMs) leverage biological components for advanced functionalities like self-repair.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) are ideal for ELMs due to genetic tractability and rapid growth.
Temperature sensitivity of E. coli growth limits ELM deployment in variable environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a temperature-responsive genetic circuit for E. coli in ELMs.
To enable ELMs to maintain optimal performance across a range of ambient temperatures.
To enhance the robustness and applicability of ELMs outside controlled laboratory settings.

Main Methods:

Engineered a genetic circuit in E. coli to control chromophore expression based on temperature.
Integrated engineered E. coli into a model planar ELM.
Assessed bacterial growth rate and pigmentation changes at different temperatures.
Compared engineered E. coli performance against non-pigmented and constitutively pigmented controls.

Main Results:

Engineered E. coli increased pigmentation below 36 °C, enhancing local temperature and growth rate.
Engineered E. coli decreased pigmentation above 36 °C, protecting growth compared to high-pigmentation controls.
The genetic circuit successfully modulated bacterial response to thermal fluctuations within the ELM.

Conclusions:

A novel temperature-responsive genetic circuit can optimize E. coli growth and protein production in ELMs.
This approach mitigates challenges posed by seasonal temperature variations for ELM applications.
ELMs integrating this technology show improved performance and broader environmental adaptability.