How important are elements in polycystic ovary syndrome? Should they be supplemented? A systematic review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder with unknown etiology. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the available clinical trials on elemental supplementation in terms of improving biochemical parameters in women with PCOS. Electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PCOS during therapy with elemental supplementation alone or in combination with other elements were analyzed. Recommendations regarding supplementation with elements are not clear. There are many factors to consider, with the primary factor being the type of element and the possibility of supplementation and a balanced diet. Another aspect to consider is the presence of comorbidities, which may increase the demand for and absorption of elements. A final factor to be considered is the determination of the body's need for specific elements. Some elements may require supplementation (e.g., magnesium, selenium, iodine, calcium), while others (e.g., iron, copper, potassium, zinc, manganese, chromium) are in sufficient amounts in a proper diet, and some should be limited (e.g., sodium, phosphorus). It is necessary to determine the optimal dose of each element in order to improve the biochemical parameters of PCOS as much as possible, while at the same time avoiding the negative effects of excessive consumption.