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Otological problems in ichthyosis: A literature review
R Van Oosterwyck1, E Loos2, A Willaert1
1University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Background:
Ichthyoses are a rare group of keratinization disorders characterized by scaling of the skin due to an impaired barrier function. Few studies have addressed ear involvement in patients with ichthyosis, although it is a probably underestimated aspect of the disease.
Objective:
This study aims to provide an overview of the otological manifestations in ichthyosis and propose specific treatment options.
Methods:
Articles were collected using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. A total of 53 articles were included in this literature review.
Results:
The most common ear problem in patients with ichthyosis is scale accumulation in the ear canals, which can lead to conductive hearing loss and increases the risk of ear infections. Furthermore, some types of ichthyosis are associated with outer ear malformations. Lastly, sensorineural hearing loss is common in syndromic forms of ichthyosis.
Conclusions:
Otological problems are present in all types of ichthyoses and their treatment is challenging. The involvement of ear, nose, and throat specialists in the routine care of ichthyosis patients is essential for early identification and treatment of these manifestations. More research is needed to provide more insight into the otological problems in ichthyosis and to ameliorate treatment options.
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