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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
Published on: January 2, 2012
Insight into the effects of different oxygen heteroatoms on nicotine adsorption from cigarette mainstream smoke
Phongphot Sakulaue1, Kulpavee Jitapunkul1, Parinya Inthasuwan2
1School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
Abstract:
Cigarette smoke contains many chemicals, including nicotine, which is harmful and can cause health problems such as carcinogenesis disease, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems. Removal of nicotine from mainstream smoke can be done through adsorption with filters or solid adsorbents. In this study, we explored the use of activated carbons for the removal of nicotine from cigarette mainstream smoke. Activated carbons were prepared from dried hemp (Cannabis sativa) stem at an activation temperature of 350-550 °C using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. The results showed that the activated carbons with variable surface functional groups and porosity exhibited high efficiency for nicotine adsorption, removing 68-88% of nicotine from cigarette mainstream smoke. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption analyses, we identified that oxygen-containing functional groups, particularly carboxylic groups, exhibited a superior ability to adsorb nicotine. The computational analysis with DFT simulations further supported the importance of oxygen-containing surface functional groups in facilitating nicotine adsorption, with the carboxylic group providing the lowest adsorption energy among other functional groups.
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