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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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To explore the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy using diffusion tensor image.

Yi Qin1,2, Jihua Liu3,4, Xuening Zhang5

  • 1Radiology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, ChangLing Road, XiQing District, Tianjin, 300381, China.

Scientific Reports
|September 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion tensor imaging reveals myelin sheath injury in the intratemporal facial nerve causes Bell's palsy. This finding suggests most nerve axons remain intact, explaining the condition's typical self-limiting nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Bell's palsy is a common neurological disorder affecting facial nerve function.
  • The precise pathogenesis of Bell's palsy, particularly the extent of nerve damage, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on a 3.0 Tesla Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanner.
  • To differentiate between myelin sheath injury and axonal damage in the intraparotid facial nerve of Bell's palsy patients.

Main Methods:

  • DTI and T1 structural sequences were acquired for healthy individuals and Bell's palsy patients.
  • Intratemporal facial nerves were tracked using DTI data processed with TrackVis and its Diffusion Toolkit.
  • Diffusion parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), were calculated for nerve tracts.

Main Results:

  • Healthy individuals showed no significant differences in FA, MD, RD, and AD between bilateral facial nerves.
  • Bell's palsy patients exhibited significant differences in FA, MD, and RD between affected and healthy facial nerves (P < 0.02).
  • No significant difference in AD was observed between affected and healthy nerves in Bell's palsy patients.

Conclusions:

  • Myelin sheath injury of the intratemporal facial nerve is the primary cause of Bell's palsy.
  • Axonal integrity is largely preserved in most Bell's palsy cases.
  • These findings support the self-limiting nature observed in the majority of Bell's palsy cases.