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Vaginal Microbiota Profile in first-trimester miscarriages cases.

Saman Rafeeq Abdulla1, Sarmad Raheem Kareem2, Ayad H Hasan3

  • 1Department of Community Health, Koya Technical Institutes, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq. saman.abdullah@epu.edu.iq.

Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France)
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Bacterial vaginosis affects nearly all first-trimester miscarriages studied. This condition was linked to an increased prevalence of specific Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in aborted women.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • First-trimester miscarriage is a growing concern with unknown causes, particularly in non-pathological cases.
  • Understanding the vaginal microbiota's role is crucial for identifying potential risk factors and improving reproductive health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize vaginal microbiota diversity and composition in women experiencing first-trimester miscarriage.
  • To investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and early pregnancy loss before 12 weeks gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 435 vaginal swabs from women with first-trimester miscarriages.
  • Utilized cultural, morphological, and biochemical methods for initial bacterial identification.
  • Employed the VITEK-2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4-V8 region) for precise bacterial profiling.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial vaginosis was prevalent in 94.7% (412/435) of first-trimester miscarriages.
  • Identified six Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and four Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia).
  • Gram-negative bacteria (54.4%) were more prevalent than Gram-positive bacteria (45.6%), with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequently isolated.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial vaginosis is highly associated with first-trimester miscarriage.
  • The study highlights the significant role of specific bacterial pathogens in early pregnancy loss.
  • Further research into the etiological link between vaginal dysbiosis and miscarriage is warranted.