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Related Concept Videos

Group Design02:01

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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The nursing history captures and records the patient's health status, so that a care plan evolves to meet the patient's individual needs. The nursing health history is a part of the initial assessment. A comprehensive history covers all health dimensions and plays a significant role in the assessment process. A comprehensive history includes the patient's biographical information, reasons for seeking health care, expectations, present and past health history, medications, and...
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Constructing Residential Histories in a General Population-Based Representative Sample.

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    Reconstructing residential histories using commercial data is feasible for understanding neighborhood health impacts over time. This method reveals data biases that may affect health inequality research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spatial epidemiology
    • Environmental health
    • Public health research

    Background:

    • Neighborhood health research often uses static data, neglecting life-course exposures from residential changes.
    • Accumulated neighborhood exposures over time are crucial for accurately assessing health impacts.
    • Validated methods are needed to reconstruct residential histories from commercial databases for longitudinal studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a systematic methodology for constructing individual residential histories using commercial data.
    • To assess the feasibility of creating residential histories across diverse geographical contexts.
    • To identify potential biases in address data availability and information.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized longitudinal residential address data from LexisNexis Accurint.
    • Employed a geographically diverse, population-based sample of adult Wisconsin residents.
    • Developed a systematic methodology for reconstructing individual residential histories.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the feasibility of creating residential histories across diverse geographical settings.
    • Highlighted variations in data completeness based on age, education, race/ethnicity, and residency type (rural/urban/suburban).
    • Identified potential data biases favoring socioeconomically advantaged individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Commercial databases like LexisNexis can generate valuable residential exposure metrics for health research.
    • Researchers must consider data availability and information biases when studying health inequalities.
    • Linking residential histories to contextual data enriches the understanding of neighborhood determinants of health at various scales.