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Obstetric care for environmental migrants.

Sadhbh A Lee1, Gillian A Corbett1, Fionnuala M McAuliffe2,3

  • 1National Maternity Hospital, Holles St., Dublin 2, Ireland.

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|September 16, 2023
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Summary

Environmental migration poses significant health risks to pregnant individuals, increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes like preterm birth and congenital anomalies. Healthcare providers must prepare for specialized care needs of these vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
Climate changeEnvironmental migrationMigrationNatural disastersObstetrics and gynaecologyPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Health
  • Sociomedical Sciences

Background:

  • Environmental migration is a global crisis impacting numerous nations.
  • Pregnant individuals represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup within migrant populations.
  • Environmental factors increasingly drive migration patterns worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted effects of environmental migration on pregnancy.
  • To highlight the growing public health concern of environmental migration's impact on maternal and fetal health.
  • To inform healthcare providers about the unique challenges faced by pregnant environmental migrants.

Main Methods:

  • A semi-structured literature review was conducted.
  • Searches were performed in MEDLine (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases.
  • Literature searches were conducted in January 2021 and updated in September 2022.

Main Results:

  • Pregnant environmental migrants face elevated risks for mental health disorders, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, and maternal mortality.
  • Pregnancies affected by natural disasters show increased risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and mental health issues.
  • Complex social determinants of health significantly influence healthcare access and engagement for this population.

Conclusions:

  • Maternity healthcare providers will increasingly encounter environmental migrants.
  • Environmental disasters and migration independently and collectively impact perinatal health, posing specific risks to environmental migrants.
  • Obstetricians and maternity care workers require heightened awareness and specialized approaches to manage the complex needs of pregnant environmental migrants.