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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Changing the guard-nuclear pore complex quality control.

Annemiek C Veldsink1, Paola Gallardo1, C Patrick Lusk2

  • 1European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.

FEBS Letters
|September 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) ensure nuclear envelope integrity. Quality control (QC) mechanisms are crucial for NPC assembly, function, and cellular health, with potential links to aging and disease.

Keywords:
ESCRTagingautophagymembrane fusionnuclear envelopenuclear pore complexnuclear pore complex assemblynuclear transportproteostasisquality control

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential transport channels regulating nuclear-cytosolic traffic.
  • NPC integrity is vital for maintaining nuclear envelope function and overall cellular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in NPC assembly and the necessity of quality control (QC) mechanisms.
  • To explore NPC QC at various life stages, including preassembly, membrane fusion monitoring, and mature NPC surveillance.
  • To discuss the implications of NPC QC for cellular physiology, aging, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • This perspective synthesizes current research on NPC assembly and QC.
  • It reviews proposed mechanisms for monitoring nucleoporin interactions and nuclear membrane fusion.
  • It discusses potential pathways for detecting and addressing faulty NPCs.

Main Results:

  • NPC assembly involves complex interactions requiring stringent QC.
  • Mechanisms exist to ensure correct nucleoporin stoichiometry and prevent nuclear membrane fusion errors.
  • QC may also identify and facilitate the repair or removal of damaged mature NPCs.

Conclusions:

  • Robust NPC quality control is indispensable for cellular function.
  • Dysfunctional NPC QC is implicated in aging and various diseases.
  • Further research into NPC QC mechanisms is critical for understanding cellular health and disease pathogenesis.