The Ankle Joint: Non-Operative Updates in Ankle Arthritis, Are Biologics Working?

The vast majority of ankle arthritis is post-traumatic in nature, with rates of 60% to 80%. Symptoms include pain, decreased range of motion, and joint effusion. Diagnostic imaging is helpful in determining the degree of joint degeneration, with MRI and CT scan being the most sensitive. Conservative treatment modalities are targeted at reducing symptoms and improving function. Injectable therapy has gained popularity over the last few decades, with advancements in biologic treatments. Corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma, and amniotic tissue-derived products can be used to reduce inflammation in the joint, as well as prevent cartilage degeneration.