Radiological assessment of different monazite grades after mechanical separation from black sand

In Egyptian black sands, monazite is a precious mineral characterized by its composition, which includes crucial constituents such as thorium, trace amounts of uranium, and rare earth elements. It is essential to evaluate and quantify the extent of gamma-ray exposure resulting from the presence of primordial radionuclides. This necessity arises from human activities that extract and retrieve raw materials in uranium and thorium mining operations. The current study focuses on the radiological assessment of Monazite raw material in various grades and calculates the associated hazard indices. A hyper pure Germanium detector (HPGe) determined the particular activity. For grade, 90% Monazite samples, the average activities for ²³²Th, ²³⁸U, and ⁴⁰K were 348,008 ± 1406, 69,299 ± 2086, and 27,510 ± 245 Bq/kg, respectively. For grade 75% Monazite samples, the average activities were 219,000 ± 901, 55,000 ± 500, and 18,300 ± 86 Bq/kg, while for grade 50% Monazite samples, it was 43,294 ± 1549, 9593 ± 629, and 4000 ± 211 Bq/kg for the same element, respectively. Also, ¹³⁸La's inherent radioactivity was taken into account. The computed effective and absorbed dosages exceed the worker's exempt limit of 20 mSv/y. The calculated hazard parameters are higher than the maximum recommended limits. Therefore, it is imperative to employ radiation safety measures to mitigate the potential hazards of ionizing radiation.