Method for efficient calculating earth pressure of retaining wall considering plant transpiration

An accurate estimation of earth pressure on retaining walls is imperative to achieving its design. This paper presents an analytical method framework that considers the effect of plant transpiration relative to the traditional calculation approaches. Specifically, a closed-form solution for one-dimensional steady unsaturated flow considering plant transpiration is incorporated into a representation of effective stress to obtain the changes in matric suction, and effective stress. The representations are used to extend Hooke's law and Rankine's earth pressure theory to determine at-rest, active, and passive earth pressures. Subsequently, the analytical method is used in a series of analysis case studies on the influence of root architecture types, transpiration rates, and soil types on earth pressure, to reveal that it can rapidly obtain the earth pressure. Notably, the effect of plant transpiration on earth pressure is significant. Furthermore, it is found that soil types and transpiration rates have a larger influence than root architecture types. Collectively, the research not only reveals the effect of plant on earth pressure for retaining wall, but also provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the contribution of plants to the stability of retaining wall.