The Skin Barrier and Moisturization: Function, Disruption, and Mechanisms of Repair

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Skin Barrier Function
• Cosmetic Science

Background:

• The skin barrier comprises well-defined anatomic layers and a functional model.
• Barrier disruption is implicated in various skin conditions, with moisturization as a primary treatment.
• Understanding the skin barrier's functional layers is crucial for therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the skin barrier within its functional model.
• To analyze how moisturizers support each functional layer of the skin barrier.
• To elucidate mechanisms by which moisturizers promote skin homeostasis and repair.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on skin barrier function and moisturization.
• Analysis of the four interdependent skin barrier layers: physical, chemical, microbiologic, and immunologic.
• Examination of moisturizer mechanisms targeting each layer.

Main Results:

• Moisturizers were shown to improve transepidermal water loss.
• Occlusives, humectants, and emollients strengthen the physical barrier by managing stratum corneum hydration and integrity.
• Acidic moisturizers enhance the chemical barrier by optimizing enzymatic activity and ceramide production.

Conclusions:

• The skin barrier's four layers (physical, chemical, microbiologic, immunologic) are vital for skin health.
• Moisturizers effectively target disruptions in all four layers, aiding in maintaining homeostasis and repair.
• Regular application of moisturizers supports skin barrier integrity and function.