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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
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Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile: A silent nosocomial pathogen.

Ibrahim A Al-Zahrani1

  • 1From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, and from the Special Infectious Agents Unit-Biosafety Level-3, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Medical Journal
|September 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infections are a growing threat due to resistant strains. Prudent antimicrobial use and improved diagnostics are key to reducing C. difficile spread.

Keywords:
C. difficileC. difficile infectionPCR ribotype 027infection controlnosocomial infection

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection remains a significant healthcare-associated threat globally.
  • Epidemiological shifts, including hypervirulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains, have exacerbated C. difficile infections.
  • Excessive antimicrobial use and inadequate infection control practices contribute to the rising incidence of C. difficile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving epidemiology of C. difficile infections.
  • To emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures.
  • To underscore the role of accurate laboratory diagnostics in managing C. difficile.

Main Methods:

  • Review of C. difficile epidemiology and contributing factors.
  • Analysis of infection control strategies, including hand hygiene and antimicrobial use.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic laboratory methods for C. difficile detection.

Main Results:

  • Hypervirulent and antimicrobial-resistant C. difficile strains have altered infection dynamics.
  • Prudent antimicrobial use and effective infection control significantly reduce C. difficile rates.
  • Early detection through accurate laboratory methods is crucial for controlling C. difficile spread.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing antimicrobial prescribing and implementing robust infection control are essential.
  • Combining multiple laboratory diagnostic techniques enhances C. difficile detection accuracy.
  • Understanding C. difficile epidemiology is vital for effective prevention and control strategies.