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Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic diseases
Yasar Sertbas1, Ebru Elci Solak2, Selma Dagci3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye.
Insights
COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases (CDs) face higher risks of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. Specific conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and cancer independently increase ICU risk, while cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and psychiatric disorders elevate mortality risk.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Infectious diseases
- Public health
Background:
- COVID-19 significantly impacts global health, with chronic diseases (CDs) posing a major concern.
- Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 and pre-existing conditions is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic diseases (CDs) who are infected with COVID-19.
- To identify specific chronic conditions that increase the risk of severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study including 1,516 patients with diagnosed COVID-19 and pre-existing chronic diseases.
- Chronic diseases evaluated included cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rheumatological diseases, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney diseases (CKD).
- Statistical analysis was performed to determine risk factors for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality.
Main Results:
- 68.9% of COVID-19 patients had at least one chronic disease; women had a higher prevalence (73.8%) than men (64.8%).
- Patients with CDs were significantly older, had longer hospital stays, were 5.49 times more likely to require ICU admission, and had a 2.52 times higher mortality rate.
- Independent risk factors for ICU admission included hypertension (HT) (OR: 2.39), DM (OR: 3.64), and cancer (OR: 2.75).
- Independent risk factors for mortality included cardiovascular diseases (OR: 2.27), CKD (OR: 3.69), and psychiatric disorders (OR: 2.18).
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases require more cautious clinical follow-up.
- Patients with HT, DM, and cancer are at higher risk for ICU admission.
- Patients with cerebrovascular disease, CKD, and psychiatric disorders face an increased risk of mortality.
Objective:
This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients having chronic diseases (CD) and COVID-19 infection.
Methods:
The study was carried out retrospectively by including 1.516 patients with CDs who applied to two education and research hospitals between June 01, 2021, and August 01, 2021, and were diagnosed with COVID-19. As CDs; cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rheumatological diseases, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) were screened and evaluated statistically.
Results:
A total of 1.516 patients with a mean age of 58.05±18.51 years were included in the study. It has been observed that 68.9% of COVID-19 patients have at least one CD. Women were more tend to have CDs than men (73.8% vs. 64.8%). Patients with a history of CD were significantly older and had a longer hospital stay than those without. Patients with CDs were 5.49 times more likely to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their death rate was 2.52 times higher than the other patients. After the regression analysis, while hypertension (HT) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.39), DM (OR: 3.64), and any type of cancer (OR: 2.75) were seen as independent risk factors in hospitalizations in the ICU, cardiovascular diseases (OR: 2.27), CKD (OR: 3.69) and psychiatric disorders (OR: 2.18) were seen as independent risk factors associated with mortality.
Conclusion:
The follow-up of COVID-19 patients with CDs should be done more cautiously than others. It should be kept in mind that patients with HT, DM, and cancer may need intensive care at any time of hospitalization, while those with cerebrovascular disease, CKD, and psychiatric problems may have a higher mortality rate than other patients.
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