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Hazard from intense low-frequency acoustic impulses.

G R Price

    The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
    |October 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Intense impulse noise causes hearing loss, particularly at higher frequencies, even when the impulse's spectral peak is low. This challenges existing damage risk criteria for impulse noise exposure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Auditory science
    • Acoustic trauma research
    • Occupational health

    Background:

    • Existing damage risk criteria (DRCs) for impulse noise do not align with predictions based on the ear's spectral tuning.
    • The human ear is best tuned to 3.0 kHz, suggesting greater susceptibility to impulses near this frequency.
    • Limited data exists on hearing loss from low-spectral-frequency impulses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of low-spectral-frequency impulse noise on hearing.
    • To test the prediction that hearing damage is greatest at the ear's best frequency.
    • To compare experimental findings with existing damage risk criteria (DRCs).

    Main Methods:

    • Three groups of cats (8, 9, and 10 animals) were exposed to 50 impulses from a 105-mm howitzer.
    • Peak sound pressure levels (SPLs) during exposure were 153, 159, and 166 dB.
    • Auditory threshold shifts were measured electrophysiologically as temporary threshold shifts (CTS) and permanent threshold shifts (PTS).

    Main Results:

    • Maximum permanent threshold shifts (PTSs) were observed at 4 kHz, despite the impulse spectral peak being around 100 Hz.
    • Temporary threshold shifts (CTS) recovered to PTSs approximately half their initial magnitude.
    • Even minor CTSs showed a tendency to have a permanent component in group data.

    Conclusions:

    • The study challenges existing damage risk criteria (DRCs) for impulse noise.
    • Hearing hazard declines with decreasing spectral frequency at a rate exceeding 3 dB/octave, confirming earlier predictions.
    • The persistence of any threshold shift shortly after high-level impulse exposure warrants consideration for tolerance levels.

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