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Cardiovascular Complications in Lupus Patients in the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Nouf A Alhammadi1, Hanan Alqahtani2, Leinah H Alshahrani3
1Rheumatology, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU.
Insights
Cardiovascular complications affect 18% of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients in Saudi Arabia, with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction being common. Early detection and management are vital for improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a significant autoimmune disease associated with high morbidity.
- Cardiovascular complications represent a major concern in SLE patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in SLE patients.
- To identify the types of cardiovascular complications observed in this population.
- To investigate these factors within the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective record-based study conducted at Aseer Central Hospital.
- Data collected from patients diagnosed with SLE between 2020 and 2022.
- Comprehensive review of patient medical records.
Main Results:
- 18.0% (34/189) of SLE patients experienced cardiovascular complications.
- Common complications included coronary artery disease (38.2%), myocardial infarction (20.6%), pericarditis (14.7%), and myocarditis (14.7%).
- Associated factors included hypertension (50.0%), vasculitis (38.2%), and diabetes (17.65%).
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular complications are prevalent in SLE patients in the Aseer region.
- Understanding these complications is essential for healthcare providers.
- Tailored treatment and preventive strategies are crucial for managing cardiovascular risks in SLE.
Background:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with high morbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and types of cardiovascular complications among patients with SLE in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia.
Method:
This study is retrospective record-based research conducted at Aseer Central Hospital in the Aseer region from 2020 to 2022. We conducted a comprehensive review of the medical records of patients.
Results:
Out of the 189 patients diagnosed with SLE, 18.0% (34 out of 189) experienced cardiovascular complications. Of the patients who experienced cardiovascular complications, around two-fifths (15/34) fell between 35 and 44 years (44.12%), females represented (31/34) 91.20%, the majority were nonsmokers (32/34) 94.0%, (6/32) 17.65% were diabetic, (17/34) 50.0% had hypertension, and (13/34) 38.24% had vasculitis. Pericarditis and myocarditis are seen in (5/34) 14.7% of each of the cases, endocarditis accounts for (4/34) 11.7% of the cases, a myocardial infarction occurs in (7/34) 20.6% of patients, coronary artery disease is prevalent in (14/34) 38.2% of cases, and valvular lesions at (5/34) 14.7%.
Conclusions:
Understanding the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in SLE patients is crucial for healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans and preventive measures to address this aspect of the disease.
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