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Risk Factors for Postoperative Infections in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Study
Abdulkarim Abukhodair1, Mohammed S Alqarni2,3, Abdulmalek Alzahrani4
1Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus
|September 18, 2023
Summary
Postoperative infections after cardiac surgery are linked to hypertension and diabetes. Managing these conditions preoperatively may reduce infection risks in cardiac patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Surgical Outcomes
Background:
- Cardiac surgery is a common procedure with rising incidence due to population aging.
- Postoperative infections, including nosocomial pneumonia and surgical site infections, are significant complications.
- Identifying risk factors for these infections is crucial for improving patient survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine common risk factors associated with postoperative infections following cardiac surgery.
- To analyze data from patients at the King Faisal Cardiac Center between January 2014 and September 2020.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 364 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
- Exclusion of immunosuppressed patients or those with active systemic infections.
- Data collection on patient demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative infection rates.
Main Results:
- The overall postoperative infection rate was 32.7% (120 out of 364 patients).
- Common comorbidities included diabetes (67%), hypertension (63%), and dyslipidemia (40%).
- Multivariate analysis identified hypertension, diabetes, increased preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, and elevated HbA1c as significant risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension and diabetes are significantly associated with increased risk of postoperative infections after cardiac surgery.
- Preoperative management of these conditions and monitoring of coagulation parameters may be important.
- Findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies in high-risk cardiac surgery patients.
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