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Related Concept Videos

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

3.0K
Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
3.0K
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

18.2K
The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.
18.2K
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

8.0K
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
8.0K
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification01:25

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

4.5K
Esters can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under acidic or basic conditions. Base-promoted hydrolysis of esters is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which esters react with an aqueous base, followed by an acid to give carboxylic acids. This reaction is also known as saponification because it forms the basis for making soaps from fats.
The reaction requires a base in stoichiometric amounts, which participates in the reaction and is not regenerated later. So, the base acts as a...
4.5K
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

3.4K
Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
3.4K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

2.9K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
2.9K

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

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Magnetic-responsive solid acid catalysts for esterification.

Dan Xue1,2, Yun Jiang1, Fangxia Zheng1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China.

RSC Advances
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic-responsive solid acid catalysts were developed for esterification. These catalysts show high activity and recyclability, with one type achieving 94% conversion of palmitic acid.

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing efficient and recyclable catalysts is crucial for sustainable chemical synthesis.
  • Solid acid catalysts offer advantages over homogeneous catalysts, but often suffer from separation difficulties.
  • Magnetic nanoparticles provide a facile method for catalyst recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel magnetic-responsive solid acid catalysts.
  • To investigate their efficacy in the esterification of palmitic acid and methanol.
  • To evaluate catalyst performance, recyclability, and reaction mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • In situ polymerization of poly(ionic liquid)s on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles.
  • Characterization using XRD, TGA, VSM, NMR, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and GC.
  • Single-factor analysis to optimize reaction conditions for esterification.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of two magnetic solid acid catalysts: Fe3O4@SiO2-P([VLIM]PW) and Fe3O4@SiO2-P([VLIM]SO3).
  • High catalytic activity observed, with Fe3O4@SiO2-P([VLIM]PW) achieving 94% palmitic acid conversion under optimal conditions.
  • Excellent recyclability demonstrated, with Fe3O4@SiO2-P([VLIM]PW) maintaining high activity after 5 reuse cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized magnetic solid acid catalysts are effective for palmitic acid esterification.
  • The catalysts exhibit good activity, selectivity, and reusability, facilitating separation via magnetic means.
  • The study provides insights into the catalytic mechanism and potential for industrial applications.