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Researchers achieved long-range end-to-end (ETE) self-assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) using DNA templates. This method enables the creation of ordered AuNR structures with over 130 units, overcoming previous limitations in directed assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) can self-assemble into long-range end-to-end (ETE) structures on macromolecular matrices.
  • Directed long-range assembly of AuNRs is challenging when using small molecules as templates due to the absence of a pre-synthesized matrix.
  • Previous attempts using thiol-modified DNA and AuNRs resulted in short-range ETE assembly (n < 25) via surface evaporation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for achieving long-range ETE self-assembly of AuNRs using small DNA molecules as templates.
  • To investigate the mechanism and characteristics of AuNR ETE self-assembly in solution.
  • To explore the role of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and hotspot-induced fluorescence enhancement in the assembly process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing two short amine-modified probe DNAs and one 22-mer complementary single-strand (ss)-DNA template.
  • Assembling AuNRs in a solution state.
  • Analyzing assembly formation using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and hotspot-induced fluorescence enhancement.
  • Varying probe DNA and templated DNA concentrations to study their effect on assembly.

Main Results:

  • Achieved long-range ETE self-assembly of AuNRs with n > 130 using short DNA probes and a ss-DNA template.
  • Observed that the zigzag arrangement within the assembled structure influences absorption behavior.
  • Verified long-range ETE self-assembly in solution through combined FRET and hotspot-induced fluorescence enhancement.
  • Demonstrated a significant fluorogenic response in ETE AuNR assembly due to increased intrinsic navigated hotspots.

Conclusions:

  • Short DNA probes and a ss-DNA template effectively facilitate long-range ETE self-assembly of AuNRs in solution.
  • The study highlights the importance of structural arrangement (zigzag) and localized hotspots in controlling AuNR assembly and optical properties.
  • This approach offers a new strategy for directed, long-range assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles using small DNA molecules.