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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Isolation, Purification, and Differentiation of Osteoclast Precursors from Rat Bone Marrow
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Echinococcus granulosus promotes bone resorption by increasing osteoclasts differentiation.

Haohao Sun1, Sibo Wang2, Wenbo Tan1

  • 1Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.

Acta Tropica
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Osseous cystic echinococcosis (CE), a rare parasitic bone disease, causes severe bone destruction. This study reveals Echinococcus granulosus stimulates osteoclast formation, explaining bone damage and offering new treatment avenues.

Keywords:
Bone hydatid disease modelsBone resorptionOsseous cystic echinococcosisOsteoclast differentiationProtoscoleces

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Bone Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Osseous cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a rare but severe parasitic bone disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus.
  • It leads to significant morbidity, disability, and mortality, yet remains under-researched, particularly regarding bone destruction mechanisms.
  • Current treatments are often ineffective, with high rates of recurrence and disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which Echinococcus granulosus causes bone destruction in osseous CE.
  • To provide a theoretical foundation for basic research and innovative clinical treatments for osseous CE.

Main Methods:

  • Established a co-culture system of osteoclast progenitor cells and Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs).
  • Developed in vivo disease models of spinal and femoral CE.
  • Verified the effect of E. granulosus on osteoclast differentiation and activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces directly stimulate osteoclast formation and differentiation.
  • Demonstrated the stimulatory effect of E. granulosus on osteoclast activity in both experimental models.
  • Elucidated the role of E. granulosus in mediating bone erosion characteristic of osseous CE.

Conclusions:

  • Echinococcus granulosus directly promotes osteoclastogenesis, explaining the bone destruction observed in osseous CE.
  • This research fills a critical knowledge gap in the pathophysiology of osseous CE.
  • Findings offer potential targets for developing more effective therapeutic strategies against this neglected disease.