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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Memory self-efficacy and working memory.

Genna M Mashinchi1, Stuart Hall1, Kelly A Cotter2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults' beliefs about their memory, known as memory self-efficacy (MSE), positively impact working memory performance. This suggests MSE interventions could benefit cognitive health in aging populations.

Keywords:
Memory self-efficacyagingcognitive functioningself-efficacyworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia impairs cognitive functions like working memory and executive functioning.
  • Memory self-efficacy (MSE) is linked to episodic memory and executive functions.
  • The relationship between MSE and working memory is under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between memory self-efficacy and working memory performance in older adults.
  • To determine if MSE uniquely predicts working memory capacity.

Main Methods:

  • 197 older adults from the United States recruited via MTurk.
  • Participants completed a memory self-efficacy questionnaire.
  • Working memory was assessed using a digit span task.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchical regression analysis indicated significant variance in working memory performance.
  • Memory self-efficacy explained a substantial and unique portion of this variance (p < .001).
  • The overall model accounted for 19% of the variance in working memory, controlling for covariates.

Conclusions:

  • Beliefs about memory ability (MSE) are positively associated with actual working memory performance in older adults.
  • Findings support the consideration of MSE measures in neuropsychological assessments.
  • MSE interventions may be a valuable tool for enhancing working memory in aging individuals.