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Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic bacteria that played a pivotal role in converting Earth’s atmosphere from anoxic to oxygen-rich billions of years ago. They exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, ranging from unicellular forms to filamentous types, with cell sizes varying between 0.5 μm and 100 μm. Cyanobacteria are classified into five groups: Chroococcales (unicellular, dividing by binary fission), Pleurocapsales (unicellular, dividing by...
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Biological interactions with Prochlorococcus: implications for the marine carbon cycle.

Lanlan Cai1, Haofu Li2, Junwei Deng3

  • 1Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.

Trends in Microbiology
|September 18, 2023
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Prochlorococcus, the most abundant marine photoautotroph, significantly impacts global CO2 fixation. Understanding its interactions with other organisms is crucial for assessing ocean carbon cycling, especially under climate change.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Oceanography
  • Biogeochemical cycles

Background:

  • Prochlorococcus is the most abundant photoautotroph in the open ocean.
  • It plays a substantial role in global carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation.
  • Prochlorococcus forms complex interactions influencing marine carbon cycling and storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize primary production by Prochlorococcus globally.
  • To review interactions between Prochlorococcus and heterotrophic bacteria, phages, and grazers.
  • To discuss potential climate change impacts on these interactions and the marine carbon cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of Prochlorococcus's role in primary production.
  • Examination of biological interactions affecting Prochlorococcus's carbon fate.

Main Results:

  • Prochlorococcus is a major contributor to oceanic primary production.
  • Interactions with bacteria, phages, and grazers significantly influence Prochlorococcus's carbon production and fate.
  • These biological interactions are key to regulating the marine carbon cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate estimation of the marine carbon cycle requires understanding Prochlorococcus's biological interactions.
  • Climate change may alter these interactions, impacting ocean carbon dynamics.
  • Further research into these interactions is vital for predicting future ocean carbon storage.