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Choroid vascular changes in hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia using SS-OCTA.

Yiwen Cao1, Yadi Zhang2, Xiaopeng Gu2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.

BMC Ophthalmology
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study found that hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia is associated with altered choroidal vascular structures, including increased choroidal thickness and volume in affected eyes compared to fellow and control eyes.

Keywords:
AmblyopiaAnisometropiaChoroidChoroidal capillaryChoroidal thicknessChoroidal vascularity indexChoroidal vascularity volumeHyperopiaOCTA

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia is a common cause of reduced vision in children.
  • Understanding the underlying structural changes in the choroid is crucial for developing targeted treatments.
  • Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) offers high-resolution imaging of ocular vasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural alterations in choroidal vessels in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.
  • To compare choroidal vascular parameters between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and healthy controls.
  • To utilize SS-OCTA for detailed analysis of choroidal morphology.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 22 children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 22 age-matched controls were enrolled.
  • SS-OCTA was employed to acquire high-resolution images of the 6x6 mm macular area.
  • Quantitative analysis included average choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal capillary flow area (CC), choroidal vascularity volume (CVV), and three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI).

Main Results:

  • Amblyopic eyes showed significantly greater mean choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal capillary flow area (CC) compared to fellow eyes after statistical correction.
  • The three-dimensional choroidal vascularity volume (3D-CVV) was significantly higher in amblyopic eyes than in both fellow and control eyes.
  • While the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI) was higher in amblyopic eyes compared to controls, it was not significantly different from fellow eyes.

Conclusions:

  • Eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia exhibit distinct choroidal vascular structures compared to their contralateral and healthy control eyes.
  • Elevated CT, CC, and 3D-CVV suggest vascular remodeling or changes in vascular density within the amblyopic choroid.
  • These findings highlight potential structural adaptations in the choroid associated with amblyopia, warranting further investigation.