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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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MicroRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.

Huaping Li1,2, Jiabing Zhan1,2, Chen Chen1,2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

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|September 19, 2023
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review explores their complex roles, including subcellular localization, and potential as therapeutic targets for heart failure.

Keywords:
apoptosiscardiovascular diseasesfibrosisheart failurehypertrophymiRNAssubcellular organelle

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global health burden.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Dysregulation of both cytosolic and subcellular miRNAs (mitochondrial, nuclear) is implicated in CVDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation and functional properties of miRNAs in various CVDs.
  • To highlight the cell-cell crosstalk and subcellular localization of miRNAs in CVDs.
  • To identify potential molecular targets for preventing CVD and heart failure (HF) progression.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of animal-based miRNA studies in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Analysis of miRNA regulation and function across different cellular and subcellular compartments.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on miRNA involvement in CVD pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs exhibit complex, context-dependent roles in CVD, with overexpression sometimes protective and sometimes detrimental.
  • Subcellular localization of miRNAs (cytosolic, mitochondrial, nuclear) significantly impacts their function in cardiac cells.
  • Cell-cell communication mediated by miRNAs plays a crucial role in CVD progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted roles of miRNAs, including their subcellular localization and intercellular communication, is critical for CVD research.
  • miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for managing and preventing cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.
  • Further investigation into miRNA mechanisms and functions will pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.