Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
Published on: May 25, 2022
Comparative outcomes of hemodialysis patients facing pre-Omicron and Omicron COVID-19 epidemics
Hiroko Beppu1,2, Tatsuya Fukuda3,4, Naoya Otsubo3
1Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Introduction:
This study elucidates factors affecting the severity and mortality in pre-Omicron and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination impact.
Methods:
This single-center retrospective observational study included 1598 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were grouped into "pre-Omicron" and "Omicron" periods. The endpoint was severe COVID-19 (oxygen saturation [SpO2 ] < 94%). Logistic regression examined associations between clinical factors, including hemodialysis (HD), and the endpoint.
Results:
The HD patient mortality rate dropped from 16% pre-Omicron to 4% during the Omicron epidemic. HD was significantly associated with the study endpoint in both epidemics. Unvaccinated patients had a greater risk of reaching the study endpoint among patients receiving HD.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the Omicron variant, alongside vaccination and healthcare innovations, led to improved prognoses for HD patients with COVID-19. However, HD patients remain at a greater risk for severe COVID-19. Increased vaccination rates and optimized healthcare resources can improve this vulnerable population's prognoses.
Related Concept Videos
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management
Hemodialysis I: Introduction
Dialysis
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

