Spectrum of tests available to evaluate occupationally induced renal disease

The traditional tests used to screen workers for renal disease are inadequate to detect early or moderate loss of renal function. More sensitive tests are seldom measured reliably in the occupational setting. Several noninvasive tests of kidney function have proven useful in monitoring the effects of special toxins. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various tests of renal function that may be used to detect nephrotoxicity in workers. The discussion includes a brief overview of the tissue types that can be injured by toxic agents and the specific tests that may be used for each. Special research projects are needed to validate the clinical significance of these and other medical tests through careful study in a controlled clinical setting.