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Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Glaucoma

Yumeng Zhang1, Shouyue Huang1, Bing Xie1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.

Aging and Disease
|September 19, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, contributes to glaucoma by damaging cells like trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cells. Targeting these senescent cells shows promise for treating glaucoma and preserving vision.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Aging is a primary risk factor for glaucoma, the second leading cause of legal blindness globally.
  • Cellular senescence, characterized by stable cell cycle exit due to damage, is a key aging hallmark.
  • Glaucoma pathogenesis involves cellular senescence in critical eye cells, including trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological links between aging and glaucoma, focusing on cellular senescence.
  • To summarize current data on cellular senescence in glaucoma-associated cells.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting cellular senescence for glaucoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, cellular senescence, and glaucoma.
  • Analysis of mechanisms contributing to glaucomatous cellular senescence (oxidative stress, DNA damage, etc.).
  • Examination of senescent cell accumulation in trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells, and vascular endothelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Cellular senescence, driven by factors like oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a significant role in glaucoma.
  • Accumulation of senescent cells in key ocular tissues contributes to glaucoma pathology.
  • Therapies eliminating senescent cells have shown potential in improving vision and reducing retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma models.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular senescence is a critical factor in the aging-related development and progression of glaucoma.
  • Targeting senescent cells offers a promising therapeutic avenue for managing glaucoma.
  • Further research into senolytics could lead to novel treatments for vision preservation in glaucoma patients.

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