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Maize-legume intercropping achieves yield advantages by improving leaf functions and dry matter partition.

Zhidan Fu1, Ping Chen1,2, Xiaona Zhang1

  • 1College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.

BMC Plant Biology
|September 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Maize-legume intercropping enhances crop yields through improved leaf traits. Maize-soybean relay intercropping offers mutual benefits, while maize-peanut strip intercropping presents a yield trade-off, revealing distinct advantages in these systems.

Keywords:
IntercroppingLeaf functional traitMaizePeanutSoybeanYield advantage

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Area of Science:

  • Agronomy and Crop Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Intercropping systems, particularly maize-legume combinations, are known for yield advantages, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
  • Optimizing intercropping strategies is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and resource use efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of different cropping systems (monoculture vs. intercropping) and nitrogen (N) input levels on the yield advantages of maize-legume intercropping.
  • To elucidate the physiological and agronomic mechanisms driving yield benefits or trade-offs in maize-soybean and maize-peanut intercropping systems.

Main Methods:

  • A two-year field experiment comparing monoculture maize, soybean, peanut, maize-soybean substitutive relay intercropping (IMS), and maize-peanut substitutive strip intercropping (IMP).
  • Evaluated treatments included two nitrogen input levels: without N (N0) and with N addition (N1).
  • Assessed key agronomic traits: leaf area index, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, thousand kernel weight, dry matter accumulation, and partial land equivalent ratio (pLER).

Main Results:

  • Intercropped maize exhibited significantly higher leaf area index and specific leaf weight, with N addition improving kernel weight.
  • Maize-soybean intercropping (IMS) demonstrated a 'win-win' scenario with enhanced leaf traits, dry matter accumulation, and positive pLER and net effect (NE).
  • Maize-peanut intercropping (IMP) showed reduced leaf area and biomass in peanuts, resulting in a yield trade-off (negative NE), despite some improvements in maize traits.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthened leaf functional traits in intercropped maize, particularly in maize-soybean systems, are key drivers of dry matter accumulation and yield advantages.
  • Maize-soybean relay intercropping effectively achieves mutual yield benefits through complementary resource use and physiological enhancements.
  • Maize-peanut strip intercropping results in a yield trade-off, highlighting the importance of species-specific interactions and system design in intercropping.