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Highly sex specific gene expression in Jojoba.

Bader Alsubaie1,2, Ardashir Kharabian-Masouleh1, Agnelo Furtado1

  • 1Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.

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|September 19, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in male and female jojoba flowers, revealing many novel genes potentially responsible for sexual dimorphism and flower development, particularly those linked to the Y chromosome.

Keywords:
ChromosomesDifferentially expressed genesDioecious plantsFlowerJojobaNovel genesRNA-SeqSimmondsia chinensis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and genomics
  • Reproductive biology in dioecious species
  • Molecular mechanisms of sexual dimorphism

Background:

  • Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a dioecious, drought-tolerant plant native to arid regions.
  • Recent genome sequencing revealed an X and Y chromosome system in jojoba.
  • The Y chromosome contains two large male-specific insertions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in jojoba flowers.
  • To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between male and female jojoba plants.
  • To explore the role of Y-chromosome-linked genes in male flower development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptomic analysis of male and female jojoba flowers.
  • Identification and quantification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
  • Analysis of gene functions and chromosomal localization, with a focus on Y-chromosome genes.

Main Results:

  • 16,923 DEGs were identified, representing 40% of annotated genes.
  • Genes involved in environmental responses, transcription factors (TFs), and hormone metabolism were sexually specific.
  • The Y chromosome in male plants showed the highest number of DEGs, including 12 highly expressed genes (9 novel) linked to TFs and plant hormones crucial for flower development.

Conclusions:

  • Numerous genes, many with unknown functions, contribute to sexual dimorphisms in jojoba.
  • These genes likely drive the differentiation of male and female flowers.
  • Y-chromosome-specific genes play a significant role in male reproductive development.