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Related Concept Videos

Units and Standards of Measurement01:10

Units and Standards of Measurement

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A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...
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International System of Units01:29

International System of Units

2.4K
The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is based on a set of three base units considered absolute, and their values do not change with location. These base units are meters, kilograms, and seconds.
Prefixes are used to define both larger and smaller quantities in the SI system. For example, milli, micro, and nano define smaller quantities, while kilo, mega, and giga are used to define...
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General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
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SI Units: 2019 Redefinition01:13

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

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Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
A standard set of units has been defined...
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Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

217
Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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+Gz Standards for the Indian Air Force.

Ajay Kumar

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |September 20, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    High G-force tolerance training is crucial for fighter aircrew to prevent G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). Indian Air Force training effectively prepares aircrew, with a very low failure rate, ensuring operational readiness.

    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Human Factors in Aviation
    • Physiology of High-G Exposure

    Background:

    • +Gz tolerance is vital for fighter aircrew, enabling neuro-cardiovascular compensation against high-G stress.
    • Failure to tolerate G-forces can lead to adverse events like gray-out, black-out, and G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the effectiveness of the existing G-tolerance training goal for fighter aircrew.
    • To recommend a standardized G-tolerance benchmark for fighter aircrew based on training outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data from aircrew undergoing the Operational Training in Aerospace Medicine for Fighters course.
    • Study period: January 2017 to December 2020 at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Indian Air Force (IAF).

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  • Evaluation of G-tolerance and G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) during training profiles.

    • Main Results:

    • A low failure rate (<1%) was observed among 334 aircrew completing the training.
    • Significant differences in relaxed gradual onset rate tolerance were found between aircrew who experienced G-LOC and those who did not.
    • Increased odds of G-LOC at 9G were noted after successfully completing 7G and 8G profiles (4.4 and 4.7 times, respectively).

    Conclusions:

    • Higher G-tolerance is generally associated with a reduced likelihood of G-LOC in operational settings.
    • The current G-tolerance training at the IAF Institute of Aerospace Medicine aligns with operational goals and has proven effective.
    • The established high-G training program is validated by its long-term success in preparing IAF fighter aircrew.