Association between personality traits of dairy cows and their peripubertal heifer offspring

This study aimed to determine if personality traits identified in dairy cows during the transition phase are correlated with those of their peripubertal heifer calves. At ~24 d before calving and ~24 d after being first introduced to the automated milking system, the personality traits of 23 Holstein cows were assessed using a combined arena test [consisting of exposure to consecutive novel environment (NE), novel object (NO), and novel human (NH) tests]. Personality traits were established by principal component analysis (PCA) of behaviors expressed in these tests. The PCA of cow behaviors during the precalving test revealed 3 factors, or personality traits, interpreted as exploratory, active, and bold. The PCA of cow behaviors during the postcalving test revealed 2 factors, interpreted as active and exploratory. From these cows, 23 female Holstein heifers were produced and enrolled in this study at 7 mo of age. Heifers were personality tested once through a similar combined arena test. The PCA of heifer behaviors during the NO test revealed 3 factors, interpreted as bold, exploratory-active, and social. The PCA of heifer behaviors during the NH test revealed 2 factors, interpreted as exploratory-active and social. All factor scores from each cow and heifer pair were tested for association. An association between cows with higher scores on the factor interpreted as exploratory and heifers with lower scores on the factor interpreted as bold was detected. There were tendencies for cows with higher scores on the factor interpreted as active to be associated with heifers that scored highly on the factors interpreted as exploratory-active and bold. The data suggests that there are some limited associations between personality traits of cows and their heifer offspring; further exploration of these associations may lead to the prediction of heifer personality based on cow personality.