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The Parathyroid Glands

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

Parathyroid carcinoma: Three case reports.

Ce Shi¹, Ning Lu², Yan-Jie Yong¹

¹Department of Ultrasound, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China.

World Journal of Clinical Cases

|September 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare, but ultrasound can aid diagnosis. Imaging is crucial as clinical signs are often nonspecific for this hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumor.

Keywords:

Case report Parathyroid adenoma Parathyroid carcinoma Parathyroid hormone Primary parathyroid hyperfunction Ultrasound

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Radiology

Background:

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare, slow-growing malignant tumor.
It is a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning parathyroid conditions.
PC presents with a highly variable clinical course dependent on tumor aggressiveness and hypercalcemia levels.

Observation:

Three cases of PC were analyzed, focusing on diagnosis and treatment.
All patients exhibited hypercalcemia with elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels (>2-fold normal).
Ultrasonography revealed enlarged parathyroid glands (>30 mm) with uneven internal echoes.

Findings:

Preoperative diagnosis of PC is challenging due to nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings.
Ultrasonography demonstrated characteristic features in the observed PC cases.
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed PC in all three patients.

Implications:

Imaging examinations, particularly ultrasound, are essential for the preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.
Early and accurate diagnosis can guide timely surgical intervention.
Further research into imaging modalities for PC is warranted.