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Emergence of a three-sample conditional discrimination as foundation for reasoning capabilities.

Luis Antonio Pérez-González1, Héctor Martínez2, Marlon Palomino2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|September 20, 2023
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Summary

This study demonstrates how learning relational stimuli can lead to emergent conditional discriminations, mimicking analogical reasoning and providing a foundation for developing reasoning capabilities.

Keywords:
analogical reasoningdiscriminationsemergencehuman learningreasoningstimulus relationsverbal behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Learning Theory

Background:

  • Conditional discrimination is a fundamental learning process.
  • Relational stimuli play a crucial role in complex learning.
  • Emergence of new behaviors from learned associations is a key area of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of three-sample conditional discrimination.
  • To determine the role of relational stimuli in emergent behaviors.
  • To explore the potential for this procedure to foster reasoning capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Participants learned first-order conditional discriminations (AB, PQ, CD).
  • A second-order conditional discrimination (XAB) was taught using relational stimuli (X1 for related, X2 for unrelated).
  • Emergence of new conditional discriminations (PQX, XCD) was probed, followed by a final three-sample conditional discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated emergent conditional discriminations based on learned relations between stimuli.
  • The presence of relational stimuli (X1, X2) was critical for the emergence of these discriminations.
  • Omitting the relational stimulus training significantly reduced emergent behavior.

Conclusions:

  • A novel form of emergent behavior, analogous to analogical reasoning, was demonstrated.
  • Relational stimuli are essential for establishing complex conditional discriminations.
  • This procedure offers a potential learning foundation for developing reasoning skills.