Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MOSFET01:16

MOSFET

508
The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) plays a pivotal role in modern electronics thanks to its versatility and efficiency in controlling electrical currents. This device, also known as IGFET, MISFET, and MOSFET, has three main terminals: the Source, Drain, and Gate. MOSFETs are classified into n-channel or p-channel types based on the doping characteristics of their substrate and the source or drain regions.
In an n-MOSFET, the structure includes n-type source and drain...
508
Bipolar Junction Transistor01:22

Bipolar Junction Transistor

804
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational...
804
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

378
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
378
Field Effect Transistor01:29

Field Effect Transistor

459
Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...
459
Biasing of FET01:22

Biasing of FET

307
Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
307
MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

185
The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
185

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tri-Acceptor Skeleton Balancing Ambipolar Mixed Ionic-Electronic Transport in Organic Conductors.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

DNA Nanobridge with Cascade Operation Logic on a Transistor for Comprehensive Evaluation of Respiratory Infection.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Periphery fusion strategy in conjugated macrocycles for high affinity anion receptor materials.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Single-crystal-like polymer semiconductors via self-templated gradient assembly for ultrahigh charge carrier mobility.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

Acceptor Backbone Cationization via B ← N Functionalization Enables High-Performance Porous n-Type Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Biosensors.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A monoclonal antibody targeting OXA23 restores carbapenem susceptibility in global epidemic carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

A Continuous-flow Photocatalytic Reactor for the Precisely Controlled Deposition of Metallic Nanoparticles
11:49

A Continuous-flow Photocatalytic Reactor for the Precisely Controlled Deposition of Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: April 10, 2019

9.8K

A closed-loop catalytic nanoreactor system on a transistor.

Xuejun Wang1,2,3, Binbin Xia4, Zhuang Hao5,6

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Science Advances
|September 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a DNA nanoreactor system on a transistor that electrically controls enzyme cascade reactions. This innovation enhances catalytic efficiency and enables sensitive prostate cancer detection.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions
12:20

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions

Published on: July 22, 2013

18.3K
Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

A Continuous-flow Photocatalytic Reactor for the Precisely Controlled Deposition of Metallic Nanoparticles
11:49

A Continuous-flow Photocatalytic Reactor for the Precisely Controlled Deposition of Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: April 10, 2019

9.8K
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions
12:20

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions

Published on: July 22, 2013

18.3K
Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Precision chemistry requires miniaturized catalytic systems for complex reactions.
  • Existing nanoscale catalytic systems lack in situ control of reaction kinetics for optimal efficiency.
  • Developing nanoreactors with closed-loop control is crucial for molecular precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a nanoreactor system capable of in situ, closed-loop reaction monitoring and modulation.
  • To leverage an inter-electrochemical gating effect for electrical control of enzyme cascade reactions.
  • To enhance catalytic efficiency and enable sensitive diagnostic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed DNA framework-based enzyme cascade nanoreactors on a transistor.
  • Utilized an inter-electrochemical gating effect for electrical modulation of enzyme activity.
  • Developed a system integrating nanoreactors, analyzers, and modulators for closed-loop control.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated electrical control of cascade reactions, switching them "ON" or "OFF" via gate potential.
  • Achieved a 343.4-fold enhancement in enzyme catalytic efficiency.
  • Developed a sensitive sarcosine assay for prostate cancer diagnosis with a significantly lower limit of detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system provides in situ closed-loop control of nanoreactors using an electric field-effect.
  • This approach significantly enhances enzyme catalytic efficiency and offers a novel platform for precision chemistry.
  • Coupling nanoreactors with solid-state electronics opens new avenues for intelligent nano-systems and early disease diagnosis.