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Rapid Weight Loss Practices Within Olympic Weightlifters.

Thomas I Gee1, Paul Campbell2, Melissa J Bargh1

  • 1School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom; and.

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Rapid weight loss (RWL) is prevalent in Olympic weightlifters, particularly females. While magnitude was similar across skill levels, female athletes reported higher acute body mass reduction before competition.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Rapid weight loss (RWL) is a common practice for athletes aiming to compete in specific bodyweight categories.
  • Understanding the prevalence and methods of RWL is crucial for athlete health and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence, magnitude, and methods of rapid weight loss (RWL) among Olympic weightlifters from Great Britain.
  • To compare RWL practices between male and female athletes and across different competitive standards.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the validated Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ) to assess RWL magnitude and practices.
  • Recruited 39 Olympic weightlifters from International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) populations.
  • Categorized athletes by competitive groups (high, mid, low Sinclair coefficient) and gender.

Main Results:

  • 84.6% of surveyed weightlifters reported practicing RWL, with a higher prevalence in females (94.1%) than males (77.3%).
  • Mean habitual precompetition body mass loss was 3.8%, with females reporting a significantly higher maximum relative body mass loss (7.4%) compared to males (4.9%).
  • Common RWL methods included restricting fluid ingestion, gradual dieting, and water loading.

Conclusions:

  • RWL is highly prevalent in competitive Olympic weightlifters, especially among females.
  • The magnitude of RWL was comparable across different athlete standards, but females achieved greater acute body mass reduction.
  • Findings highlight the need for further research into the health implications and optimal strategies for RWL in this population.