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Developing New Scales of Personal Food Security
Rodrigo Aranda1, David C Ribar2
1Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
|September 20, 2023
Summary
New scales measure personal food insecurity, revealing distinct risks for children, adolescents, and adults. These findings highlight individual food hardship differences within households, impacting well-being.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Nutrition Science
- Sociology
Background:
- Traditional food insecurity measures focus on households, potentially masking individual disparities.
- Personal food hardships can vary significantly among household members.
- There is a need for individual-level measures of food insecurity.
Purpose of the Study:
- Develop and validate psychometrically sound scales for personal food insecurity.
- Examine personal food insecurity distributions across age groups.
- Investigate differences between personal and household food insecurity and associated characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2005-2010) from 29,040 participants.
- Developed five-item scales for personal food insecurity using factor analyses and Item Response Theory.
- Analyzed relationships between personal food insecurity and demographics via multivariate regressions.
Main Results:
- Developed distinct personal food insecurity scales for children (<12), young adolescents (12-15), and adults (16+).
- Personal food insecurity prevalence: 3% (children), 10% (adolescents), 7% (adults).
- Adolescents exhibited higher personal food insecurity risks; women and middle-aged adults showed increased risks compared to household measures.
Conclusions:
- Personal food insecurity is a distinct, measurable aspect of well-being.
- Individual characteristics like age and sex influence personal food insecurity differently than household measures.
- Findings underscore the need to address within-household disparities in food access and security.
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