A Survival Analysis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated With Intensive Chemotherapy: A Single Center...

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological disease associated with a dismal prognosis, despite major progress made in recent years in terms of antileukemic agents and supportive care.

We investigated the results of the intensive treatment of 133 fit AML patients (de novo and secondary) from a referral cancer centre in Romania, treated between January 2015 and December 2021.

We included 79 male and 54 female patients with a median age of 53 years (range 18-70). Molecular biology analysis was available for 82.7% of patients, whereas karyotype analysis was only available for 33% of patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 8.7 months, and the disease-free survival rate was 26.3% at a median follow-up of 33.7 months. The complete remission (CR) rate after induction was 48.9% for all patients and 61.9% for patients who were assessable (excluding patients who died before being assessed for response). Twelve patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), with the median OS not reached. Early mortality (EM), defined as death during the first 30 days after admission, was 17.3%, with the main cause of death being septic shock (78.3%). Elderly patients (≥60 years of age) had a lower OS, more primary refractory disease, and higher rates of early mortality.

Complete remission rates and OS in our cohort were lower than in other reports. Early mortality was unexpectedly high, mainly due to infections, which were the main causes of death in our cohort.