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Using Multilayered Hydrogel Bioink in Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Homogeneous Cell Distribution

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Cell encapsulation in gelatin methacryloyl bioinks impairs microscale diffusion properties.

Elvan Dogan¹, Christina Holshue², Anant Bhusal²

¹Advanced Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|September 21, 2023

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Bioprinted gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) constructs

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Bioprinting Technologies

Background:

Light-assisted bioprinting utilizes gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) for creating cell-laden microtissues and organoids.
GelMA properties can be tuned by incorporating cells, influencing construct biophysical characteristics.
Understanding mass transport is crucial for the development of functional engineered tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of methacrylation degree, GelMA concentration, and cell density on mass transport properties.
To introduce and validate a sensitive fluorescent-microscopy-based method for biotransport testing.
To provide insights for optimizing biotransport in light-assisted bioprinted constructs.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel fluorescent-microscopy-based biotransport assay.

Keywords:

bioink bioprinting diffusivity gelatin methacryloyl mass transport

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Systematic variation of methacrylation degree, GelMA mass concentration, and cell density.

Quantitative analysis of diffusion coefficients within GelMA hydrogels.

Main Results:

Higher methacrylation degree significantly reduced GelMA diffusion capacity.
Diffusion coefficients in GelMA exhibited variability with cell densities from 0 to 10 × 10^6 cells/ml.
Larger cell sizes correlated with higher diffusivity coefficients in GelMA constructs.

Conclusions:

Methacrylation degree and cell density are critical parameters influencing mass transport in GelMA.
The developed method offers enhanced sensitivity for biotransport characterization.
Findings guide bioengineers in controlling biotransport for improved microtissue and organoid development.