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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro
Published on: April 21, 2023
How Combined Macrolide Nanomaterials are Effective Against Resistant Pathogens? A Comprehensive Review of the
Ebrahim Abdela Siraj1,2, Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad1, Anteneh Belete2
1Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Abstract:
Macrolide drugs are among the broad-spectrum antibiotics that are considered as "miracle drugs" against infectious diseases that lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is currently at risk owing to the presence of devastating, antimicrobial-resistant microbes. In view of this challenge, nanotechnology-driven innovations are currently being anticipated for promising approaches to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Nowadays, various nanostructures are being developed for the delivery of antimicrobials to counter drug-resistant microbial strains through different mechanisms. Metallic nanoparticle-based delivery of macrolides, particularly using silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs & AuNPs), demonstrated a promising outcome with worthy stability, oxidation resistance, and biocompatibility. Similarly, macrolide-conjugated magnetic NPs resulted in an augmented antimicrobial activity and reduced bacterial cell viability against resistant microbes. Liposomal delivery of macrolides also showed favorable synergistic antimicrobial activities in vitro against resistant strains. Loading macrolide drugs into various polymeric nanomaterials resulted in an enhanced zone of inhibition. Intercalated nanomaterials also conveyed an outstanding macrolide delivery characteristic with efficient targeting and controlled drug release against infectious microbes. This review abridges several nano-based delivery approaches for macrolide drugs along with their recent achievements, challenges, and future perspectives.
Insights
Nanotechnology offers new hope against drug-resistant infections by improving macrolide antibiotic delivery. Nanoparticle formulations enhance the effectiveness of these crucial antimicrobial drugs against challenging microbes.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Materials Science
- Microbiology
Background:
- Macrolide antibiotics are vital broad-spectrum drugs against infectious diseases.
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the efficacy of macrolides, increasing morbidity and mortality.
- Nanotechnology presents innovative strategies to combat AMR.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review nano-based delivery systems for macrolide antibiotics.
- To highlight recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field.
- To explore how nanotechnology can overcome macrolide resistance.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on nanotechnology applications for macrolide drug delivery.
- Analysis of various nanocarriers including metallic nanoparticles (AgNPs, AuNPs), magnetic NPs, liposomes, polymeric nanomaterials, and intercalated nanomaterials.
- Evaluation of mechanisms of action and efficacy against resistant microbial strains.
Main Results:
- Metallic nanoparticles (AgNPs & AuNPs) offer stability, oxidation resistance, and biocompatibility for macrolide delivery.
- Macrolide-conjugated magnetic NPs and liposomal formulations show augmented antimicrobial activity and reduced bacterial viability.
- Polymeric and intercalated nanomaterials enhance macrolide delivery, targeting, and controlled release, leading to improved inhibition zones.
Conclusions:
- Nanotechnology-driven delivery systems show significant promise in overcoming macrolide resistance.
- Various nanostructures effectively enhance macrolide antimicrobial activity against resistant microbes.
- Further research into nano-based macrolide delivery is crucial for combating infectious diseases.
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