Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

1.7K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.7K
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

1.5K
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
1.5K
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

352
The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
352
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

287
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
287
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

3.5K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.5K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

852
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
852

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantifying the Effect of Fat and Protein on the Postprandial Glucose Excursion in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Automated Insulin Delivery System.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same author

Effect of non-ionic contrast media on invasive pressure measurements during minimally invasive occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus and balloon valvuloplasty for valvular pulmonic stenosis in dogs.

Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology·2026
Same author

Postprandial Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes·2025
Same author

α-Parvin Promotes Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle with Minimal Influence on Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Severe Dietary Zinc Deficiency Does Not Significantly Alter Energy Balance in Adult Mice.

Journal of nutrition and metabolism·2025
Same author

Quantitative estimation of disposition index from postprandial glucose data across the spectrum of glucose tolerance.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

12.6K

Temporal optimization of exercise to lower fasting glucose levels.

Jill A Kanaley1, J W Porter1, N C Winn2

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Exercise can help manage blood glucose levels in individuals with obesity and impaired fasting glucose (OB+IFG). While exercise delays the nocturnal rise in glucose, it does not impact morning fasting glucose or improve insulin synchrony.

Keywords:
dawn phenomenonendogenous glucose productionobesitytime of daytype 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.1K
A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
08:01

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Published on: August 12, 2016

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

12.6K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.1K
A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
08:01

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Published on: August 12, 2016

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Chronobiology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with circadian rhythm disturbances.
  • Glucose tolerance exhibits diurnal variation, with better tolerance in the morning.
  • Skeletal muscle plays a key role in insulin resistance, particularly in impaired glucose tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of exercise timing on evening and overnight glucose concentrations.
  • To compare these effects in non-obese individuals with normal fasting glucose and obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose.
  • To assess the influence of morning versus evening exercise on glucose and insulin dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Three study conditions were used: no exercise (NOEX), morning exercise (AMEX; 0700h), and evening exercise (PMEX; 2000h).
  • Participants included non-obese (Non-Ob) and obese with impaired fasting glucose (OB+IFG) individuals.
  • Blood samples were collected from 1740h to 0700h, with morning endogenous glucose production (EGP) measured.

Main Results:

  • In OB+IFG individuals, glucose concentrations rose post-dinner and continued overnight, unlike in OB and Non-Ob groups.
  • Both AMEX and PMEX delayed the evening glucose rise in OB+IFG individuals compared to NOEX.
  • Exercise did not alter morning fasting glucose levels or improve glucose-insulin synchrony in OB+IFG individuals; evening exercise showed a slight advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise, irrespective of timing, can mitigate the nocturnal glucose increase in adults with obesity and impaired fasting glucose.
  • Exercise timing does not normalize morning fasting glucose or improve the impaired glucose-insulin relationship in this population.
  • Evening exercise may offer a marginal benefit over morning exercise in suppressing nocturnal glucose rise.