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Validating Tools to Detect and Inactivate Monkeypox Virus in Human Milk.

Alex E Clark1, Annalee Furst2, Kristija Sejane2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be detected in human milk (HM), but remains infectious. Holder pasteurization effectively inactivates MPXV in HM, reducing transmission risk to infants receiving donor milk.

Keywords:
breastfeedingholder pasteurizationhuman milkmonkeypox virusmpoxmpox diagnostics

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Lactation Science

Background:

  • Human milk (HM) is crucial for infant health, necessitating safety monitoring.
  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a potential risk to breastfeeding dyads.
  • Understanding MPXV stability and inactivation in HM is vital for infant protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess methods for detecting MPXV in HM.
  • To determine if standard Holder pasteurization inactivates MPXV in HM.
  • To evaluate the risk of MPXV transmission via HM.

Main Methods:

  • MPXV was added to HM and viral transport media (VTM).
  • Samples were analyzed using research and clinical quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests.
  • Infectious MPXV in HM was subjected to freeze-thaw, room temperature incubation, and Holder pasteurization, followed by plaque assays.

Main Results:

  • qPCR detected MPXV in HM, though with reduced sensitivity compared to VTM.
  • MPXV remained infectious in HM after freeze-thaw or room temperature storage.
  • Holder pasteurization significantly reduced infectious MPXV titers (>2,000-fold), below detection limits.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical qPCR tests can detect MPXV in HM, but with a higher detection limit than in VTM.
  • MPXV can remain viable in HM, posing a potential transmission risk.
  • Holder pasteurization is an effective method to inactivate MPXV in HM, mitigating transmission risk to infants.